外媒:美军科技老大地位危险 中国豪掷万亿追赶

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【环球军事报道】在过去的70年里,美国在军事科技上始终致力于拥有“领先对手一代”的充分优势,以保证美国能在竞争中“完胜”。大到整体国防战略,小到作战单位策略,无一不体现了这一点。美国也将冷战以来各处战场的胜利归因于此。但是,美国有线电视新闻网(CNN)11月3日刊文称,随着国防工业发展方式及其与硅谷关系的转变,这种优势地位将有可能被大力创新的中国所取代。

  美国对军事科技的重视始于二战时纳粹德国“神奇武器”计划带来的后怕。德国在二战后期曾寄希望于通过该计划扭转战局。当时,德国的战机和火箭从美国的螺旋桨飞机旁呼啸而过,德国的超级坦克面对美国的“谢尔曼”坦克如入无人之境。幸好这些武器出现得太晚并且规模太小,最终没有产生太大影响,但却从此影响了美国的整个国防计划。

  由于重视军事科技发展,美军历史上多次以少胜多。比如,美军曾以相当于1/3伊拉克前总统萨达姆•侯赛因(Saddam Hussein)军队的军力成功入侵伊拉克,从此扭转了进攻方的军力应为防御方三倍的历史经验。然而,美军在未来可能再也无法依赖这种优势了。美国的对手正努力发展他们自己的技术,中国就是一个典型的例子。

  全球管理咨询公司麦肯锡发布的最新报告显示,未来十年,中国有潜力成为“全球创新领导者”,以及全球各个公司的创新中心。中国已在研发领域投资了2000亿美元(约合人民币1.27万亿元),这一数额超过了欧盟。不论是民用领域的世界最快超级电脑,还是军方的攻击无人机项目,中国目前都有涉及。

  同时,美国军方和硅谷的关系已经翻转。原来是科技公司追着军方要资金和任何会改变市场的新产品,最明显的例子就是互联网。今天,换成了军方跟在科技公司身后,美军甚至被迫在硅谷设立了新的办公室,试图跟上他们计划之外所有惊艳科技的步伐。

  与此同时,美军发展模式也暴露出问题。军方总是在一套系统尚未真正测试前就大量购买,结果就是导致目标总被锁定在几个“大到不能失败”的项目上,但其中的科技并不全是最前沿的。这种做法就限制了美国当下和未来在军事科技发展上的灵活性。

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