华盛顿— 台湾海峡两岸最高领导人在新加坡举行的“习马会”已经结束。台湾民进党主席蔡英文对马英九的表现深表失望。不过,学术界反应多元。有学者称,马习会将对中国大陆民主化产生影响。
台湾民进党网站11月7日刊登主席蔡英文对“马习会”最新讲话。蔡英文说,今天下午在电视上看完马习会之后,我相信大多数的台湾人民都和我一样,感到非常失望。马总统带着黑箱的疑虑出发,即将带回来更大的争议。我们原先都期待,从马总统口中说出台湾的民主、台湾的自由,以及中华民国的存在。更重要的,还有台湾人民自由选择的权利。不过,马英九没有提到。 我们很遗憾,马习会唯一达成的效果,是在国际舞台上,企图用政治框架,框限未来在两岸关係上人民的选择。
蔡英文说,台湾人民的自我认同是一个複杂的问题,但我始终相信,经历了二十多年的民主化历程,台湾人就是民主人、就是自由人,我相信民进党可以带领台湾人民,表达我们真正的心声。缺乏民主程序、没有民意支持的政治框架,台湾人民绝对不会接受。
稍早,蔡英文当日脸书上留言。蔡英文说,今天是马总统跟习近平主席进行会面,有人说这是一个历史的时刻,因为从来在历史上没有发生过。但是,如果只是因为没有见过面而见面,这只是‘新闻时刻’,还称不上‘历史时刻’”。蔡英文还说,如果马习会要成为“历史时刻”,必须彰显出价值观跟观点上根本的扭转,并且能够为两岸关系带来正面改变。
预计,台湾国民党方面也将对“马习会”发表会后评论。
戴博是美国伍德罗•威尔逊中心基辛格中美关系研究所主任,他近日在《华尔街日报》上撰文说,与其说“习马会”有利于被唾弃的跛脚总统马英九,不如说“为习近平服务”。
文章说,习近平2013年上台以来,动用一切手段向全党和中国老百姓表明,国家的富强以及中国的国际影响,全都仰仗他对大权的英明与廉洁运用。由于他将自己打造成“民族救星”,因此他不能容忍对台湾现状无所事事,任凭台湾与大陆统一目标越来越远。
戴博说,新加坡“马习会”是习近平在中国老百姓以及世界面前的一场“权力秀”,彰显他习近平是迈出历史步伐的果敢厚道领导人,同时再次强调,国家统一大任,不能一代一代往下推。
黄靖是李光耀公共政策学院教授、亚洲与全球化研究所所长,他在新加坡早报撰文说,台湾和海外的一些媒体,习惯性地从台湾大选角度解读“习马会”,其实是“一岛”障目,失之千里!这次“习马会”,对台海两岸关系的正面发展,有划时代重大战略意义。
黄靖说,习近平和马英九分别以“大陆领导人”和“台湾领导人”这样的身份正式相会,实际上是相互认可并接受两岸各自在“一个中国”框架中的政治定位,从而解开大陆和台湾同属一个中国、但在体制上却互不接受的历史疙瘩,将“一个中国”框架不可更改地确定下来,为今后的统一奠定了难以撼动的政治基础。其次,“习马会”实际确认了两岸“一国两府”的政治现实,达成了两岸“互相承认治权”的默契。
不过,美国《外交政策》近日刊登伊萨克·费什的文章说,独立自治的台湾所具有的“软实力”足可以改变中国大陆。从这个意义上讲,习近平可能引火烧身,陷入“台湾陷阱”。
文章说,为实现将台湾“重新纳入祖国”这一核心利益,习近平超出毛泽东以后的所有前任,使中共更加接近实现统一台湾的目标。通过习近平的“运作”,实行自治的台湾比现代史上任何时期都更加接近中国大陆。11月7日新加坡习马会是习近平的又一大步。
不过文章说,一个热衷强化党内权力的人,其某些梦想还是先别做为好。台湾所具有的民主和人权软实力影响,远远超出其人口规模和地域。不计政党分歧,单纯强调统一,实属幼稚。
从这个意义上讲,“习马会”危及台湾民主的同时,也可能促进中国走向更加民主的未来,而这正是许多中国大陆民众看似无法实现的希望所在。
文章说,纵观两岸多年交流现状,台湾一直在文化,宗教,政治上影响中国大陆,例如,台湾基督教和天主教团体在中国大陆的家庭教会中拥有活跃的网络,从而驳斥了“民主不适合”中国五千年儒家社会的说法。
不过,这篇文章还说,有望成为台湾下任总统的民进党主席蔡英文,措辞强硬抨击马英九“框限”台湾前途的同时,也许会因此选择继续两岸最高领导人新加坡会晤的“既定传统”。
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